Enslaved Africans

Muhammed Abdullah al-Ahari, Bilali Muhammad: Muslim Jurisprudist in Antebellum Georgia (2010)

Sultana Afroz, “The Role of Islam in the Abolition of Slavery and in the Development of British Capitalism”, The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 29/1, pp. 1-29

Muhammad A. Al-Ahari (editor), Five Classic Muslim Slave Narratives (2011)

Allan D. Austin, African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Sourcebook (1984)

Allan D. Austin, African Muslims in Antebellum America: Transatlantic Stories and Spiritual Struggles (1997)

Manuel Barcia, “West African Islam in Colonial Cuba”, Slavery & Abolition, 35/2 (2014) pp. 292-305

Khaled A. Beydoun, “Antebellum Islam”, Howard Law Journal, 58/1 (2014)

Ray Crook, “Bilali-The Old Man of Sapelo Island: Between Africa and Georgia”, Wadabagei: A Journal of the Caribbean and Its Diaspora, 10/2 (Spring 2007), pp. 40-55

Robert O. Collins, “The African Slave Trade to Asia and the Indian Ocean Islands”, African and Asian Studies, 5/3-4 (2006), pp. 325-347

Sylviane A. Diouf, Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas, 15th Anniversary Edition (2013)

Chouki el Hamel, Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam (2012)

Allan G.B. Fisher and Humphrey J. Fisher, Slavery and Muslim Society in Africa (1971)

Humphrey J. Fisher, Slavery in the HIstory of Muslim Black Africa (2001)

Ronald Judy, Disforming The American Canon: African-Arabic Slave Narratives and the Vernacular (1993)

Paul E. Lovejoy, “The Urban Background of Enslaved Muslims in the Americas”, Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies, 26/3 (2005), pp. 349-376.

Patrick Manning, Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades (1990)

Precious Rasheeda Muhammad, “An African Muslim Prince Goes to Boston in 1828” http://www.patheos.com/blogs/preciousmuhammad/2014/02/an-african-muslim-prince-goes-to-boston-in-1828/

Precious Rasheeda Muhammad, “‘Oh, Allah, Operate on Us!’: Islam and the Legacy of American Slavery in Michael Wolfe (ed.), Taking Back Islam: American Muslims Reclaim Their Faith (Rodale Press, 2002), pp. 129-135

João José Reis (translated by Arthur Brakel), Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia (1995)

Ronald Segal, Islam’s Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora (2001)

Richard Brent Turner, “African Muslim Slaves and Islam in Antebellum America”, in Juliane Hammer and Omid Safi (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to American Islam (2013), pp. 28-44

Terence Walz and Kenneth M. Cuno (editors), Race and Slavery in the Middle East: Histories of Trans-Saharan Africans in 19th-Century Egypt, Sudan, and the Ottoman Mediterranean (2011)John Ralph Willis (ed.), Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa (1985)